Ebola (or Ebola virus disease, EVD) is a
very serious disease that can be fatal. It is mainly found in tropical Central
and West Africa.
Confirmed and suspected cases from an Ebola
outbreak in West Africa continue to be reported in Guinea, Liberia and Sierra
Leone.
It is very unlikely that anyone with Ebola
will arrive in New Zealand and extremely unlikely that Ebola would spread
within New Zealand. The Ministry of Health assessment is that the risk to New
Zealand from Ebola remains low, and health and border authorities are well
prepared.
Low risk of catching Ebola
It’s very unlikely that someone with Ebola
will arrive in New Zealand. This is because:
· the current outbreak is mainly affecting three countries in West
Africa (Sierra Leone, Guinea and Liberia), and even in these countries the
disease is not common
· there are very few people who travel from Ebola-affected countries
to New Zealand, and very few people who travel from New Zealand to those
countries.
Ebola is not easy to catch – it is not
spread through the air and is not as infectious as the flu or measles. You
can’t catch Ebola just by sitting next to an infected person – it requires
contact with infected body fluids (such as blood, saliva, urine or faeces)
through broken skin or mucous membranes (such as the mouth or eyes).
Screening and monitoring at the border
The Ministry of Health and New Zealand
Customs are screening people who have recently been in Ebola-affected countries
in West Africa.
Travellers arriving in New Zealand declare
on their Arrival Cards the countries they have visited in the past 30 days, and
Customs runs electronic pre-screening.
A traveller who has visited an
Ebola-affected country will be asked a series of questions by Customs officers.
Passengers who require further assessment will be seen by a border health
protection officer. All passengers who have recently visited countries affected
by the Ebola outbreak are given advice about what to do if they become unwell.
Staff at all airports are trained and ready
to respond to any reports of ill travellers, and New Zealand’s public health
system is well prepared to respond and assist.
Assessment processes are in place
Anyone who feels unwell after recently
travelling overseas should phone Healthline on 0800 611 116, their GP or nurse,
and say where they have been travelling.
If a person arrives at a health clinic (GP)
or hospital, they will be assessed and asked about recent overseas travel. The
chances of someone having Ebola are very low.
If they fit the criteria for a suspected case
of Ebola, the health clinic or hospital will notify the local Medical Officer
of Health and the Ministry of Health. Notification of a suspected case will
trigger contact tracing and follow up by public health officers.
Testing for Ebola will be carried out by a
laboratory in Australia. It will take up to 72 hours for test results to be
known. Repeat testing may also be required.
Hospitals have staff who know how to use
personal protective equipment (PPE) as part of routine infection prevention and
control standards for managing such diseases. Hospitals are reinforcing these
protocols and ensuring staff are trained.
Signs and symptoms of Ebola
Signs and symptoms of Ebola appear between
2 and 21 days after infection (usually between 8 and 10 days). Early signs and
symptoms include sudden onset of fever, weakness, muscle and joint pains and
headache. The initial symptoms are similar to other more common diseases such
as the common cold, the flu or malaria. People with Ebola are not infectious
before symptoms appear.
As the disease progresses, symptoms can
include bleeding from the nose, gums and bruising, diarrhoea (may be bloody),
skin rash, sore throat and difficulty swallowing.
When to seek medical attention
If
you have been in an Ebola-affected country in the past 21 days, and you develop
fever or other symptoms of Ebola, phone your GP, nurse or Healthline on 0800
611 116 and say where you have been travelling. If you develop fever or
other symptoms of Ebola, phone your GP, nurse or Healthline on 0800 611 116 and
say where you have been travelling.
Treatment
While there are currently trials of possible vaccines for Ebola, at this
stage there are no specific vaccines or medicines (such as anti-viral drugs)
that are proven to be effective. Early supportive treatment in hospital to
relieve symptoms and prevent further complications can improve recovery from
Ebola.
Travelling
to Ebola-affected countries
The Ministry of Health strongly advises
people to reconsider their need to travel to affected countries. If people need
to travel, make sure you:
· register details with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade
· stay updated on changes to the situation
· ensure health insurance for illness and/or repatriation is covered
if you become unwell for any reason.
For more information about Ebola see
www.health.govt.nz/ebola